Hyperemesis Gravidarum

What is Hyperemesis Gravidarum?

Hyperemesis gravidarum is more than an incapacitating disease that threatens the lives of pregnant women, their babies, and heavily impacts their families. Not to be confused with morning sickness, hyperemesis gravidarum, or HG for short, is defined as a rare condition characterized by severe and persistent vomiting, nausea, and weight loss. HG can develop over the course of weeks or even months, symptoms usually present themselves before the 20th week of pregnancy, and only affects 0.5 to 2% of pregnant women. In extreme cases, hospitalization may be necessary due to vitamin and mineral deficiency as well as dehydration, which is dangerous for both mother and baby.

Potential Fetal Complications of Hyperemesis

This serious disease not only impacts the women who have it, fetal complications are a potential threat. Studies show that babies whose mothers experience hyperemesis are more likely to require early delivery, have a lower birth weight, be considered small for gestational age, and develop congenital heart disease. The disease can even result in perinatal death in extreme cases. In regard to long term impacts of HG, research has shown that malnutrition and metabolic disease is common in older children. High levels of stress results in the elevation of the stress hormone known as cortisol, which can result in children having issues with sensory integration as well.

What

Causes Hyperemesis?

Although hyperemesis has been recognized for centuries, quality research has only just recently occurred. Early studies and outdated research were designed and conducted quite poorly and suggested that HG was the result of hysteria and psychosomatic disorders, which has since been proven to be false through thorough controlled studies. Naturally, there are a plethora of theories regarding the origins of hyperemesis. Since HG is likely caused by multiple factors such as hormones, body chemistry, biological makeup, and digestive functions, it has been difficult to determine a definite cause. Yet, only one theory is considered to be conclusive. Genetics. Research proves that one's genetics can directly cause HG. (insert article)

Psychological Consequences of Hyperemesis

In the case where a mother has hyperemesis, not only does the illness pose a threat to the mother’s physical health, her mental and social health can be significantly affected. Responsibilities such as work, daily household tasks, and caring for other children are nearly impossible due to this inhabilitating disease. Mothers have expressed how these unrealistic expectations have added stress to their already compromised lives. Women with hyperemesis are extremely vulnerable to depression both during and after pregnancy. Studies show that during

pregnancy, 49% of women with HG developed depression, with 36% experiencing postpartum depression.